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Nonclinical study
| アミノ酸 | 動物種 | 論文 |
| L-glutamate | CD-1 mouse | Glutamic Acid: Advances in Biochemistry and Physiology, ed. by Filer LJ, et al., Raven Press, NY (1979):231-253 “In utero and dietary administration of monosodium L-glutamate to mice: Reproductive performance and development in a multigeneration study” Anantharaman K |
| L-glutamate | SD rat (6 wks age) |
Int J Toxicol (2004), 23(2):107-112 “Thirteen-week oral toxicity study of L-glutamine in rats.” Tsubuku S, Hatayama K, et al. |
| L-arginine | SD rat (6 wks age) |
Int J Toxicol (2004), 23(2):101-105 “Thirteen-week oral toxicity study of L-arginine in rats” Tsubuku S, Hatayama K, et al. |
| Pig (30 days age) |
Amino Acids (2015), 47(5):925-936 “Safety of long-term dietary supplementation with L-arginine in pigs” Hu S, Li X, et al. |
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| SD rat (6 wks age) |
Amino Acids (2015), 47(9):1909-1920 “Safety of long‑term dietary supplementation with L‑arginine in rats” Yang Y, Wu Z, et al. |
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| L-valine | SD rat (6 wks age) |
Int J Toxicol (2004), 23(2):119-126 “Thirteen-week oral toxicity study of branched-chain amino acids in rats” Tsubuku S, Hatayama K, et al. |
| L-leucine | SD rat (6 wks age) |
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| L-isoleucine | SD rat (6 wks age) |
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| L-lysine | SD rat (6 wks age) |
Int J Toxicol (2004), 23(2):113-118 “Thirteen-week oral toxicity study of L-lysine hydrochloride in rats” Tsubuku S, Mochizuki M, et al. |
| L-alanine | SD rat (6 wks age) |
Fund Toxicol Sci (2014), 1(2):63-72 “A 4-week oral toxicity study of L-alanine in rats with a recovery period of 2 weeks” Aoki M, Mochizuki M, et al. |
| DL-alanine | Wistar rat | Toxicol Appl Pharm (1976), 37(7):491-497 “Alanine: A toxicity study” Chow FC, Dysart MI, et al. |
| L-asparagine | Fisher rat (7 wks age) |
Food Chem Toxicol (2008), 46(7):2568-2572 “A 90-day toxicity study of L-asparagine, a food additive, in F344 rats” Yokohira M, Hosokawa K, et al. |
| L-aspartate | Fisher rat (7 wks age) |
Food Chem Toxicol (2008), 46(8):2789-2795 “Toxic effects of L-aspartic acid at high dose levels on kidneys and salivary glands in Fischer 344 rats detected in a 90-day feeding study” Tada Y, Yano N, et al. |
| L-cysteine | SD rat (6 wks age) |
J Toxicol Pathol (2017), 30(3):217-229 “Comparisons of L-cysteine and D-cysteine toxicity in 4-week repeated-dose toxicity studies of rats receiving daily oral administration” Shibui Y, Sakai R, et al. |
| D-cysteine | SD rat (6 wks age) |
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| L-cystine | Wister rat (5 wks age) |
[Japanese] Oyo Yakuri (1978), 15(2):199-221 “Acute and subacute toxicity of cystenosine®, inosine and cystine in rats” Kawai Y, Okai M, et al. |
| glycine | SD rat (6 wks age) |
J Toxicol Pathol (2013), 26(4) 405–412, 2013 “A 4-week repeated dose toxicity study of glycine in rats by gavage administration” Shibui Y, Miwa T, et al. |
| L-histidine | Fisher rat (6 wks age) |
[Japanese] Bull Natl Ins Health Sci (1994), 112:57-63 “13-week subchronic toxicity study of L-histidine monohydrochloride in F344 rats” Ikezaki S, Nishikawa A, et al. |
| L-methionine | Fisher rat  (5 wks age) |
Int J Toxicol (2015), 34(3):233-241 “A 4-week toxicity study of methionine in male rats” Chin K, Toue S, et al. |
| DL-methionine | Pig | [French] C R Seances Acad Sci D (1980) 291(6): 565-568 “Enzymatic activities in the liver, and muscle nucleic acids, in swine receiving an unbalanced diet with an exceed of methionine for 100 days” Fau D, Delhomme B, et al. |
| Wistar rat (9 wks age) |
J Nutr (1988), 118(1):128-133 “Effect of ingestion of high protein excess methionine diets by rats for two years” Fau D, Peret J, et al. |
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| L-phenylalanine | SD rat (5 wks age) |
Fund Toxicol Sci (2014), 1(2):29-38 “28-Day dietary toxicity study of L-phenylalanine in rats” Shibui Y, Miwa T, et al. |
| L-proline | Fisher rat (6 wks age) |
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol (2010), 58(1):114-120 “Toxicological evaluation of L-proline in a 90-day feeding study with Fischer 344 rats” Tada Y, Yano N, et al. |
| L-serine | SD rat (6 wks age) |
Food Chem Toxicol (2009), 47(9):2356-2360 “A 13-week subchronic oral toxicity study of L-serine in rats” Kaneko I, Han L, et al. |
| Fisher rat | J Toxicol Pathol (2010), 23(1):39-47 “A 90-day feeding toxicity study of L-serine in male and female Fischer 344 rats” Tada Y, Yano N, et al. |
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| L-threonine | SD rat (6 wks age) |
Fund Toxicol Sci (2014), 1(2):49-62 “A 13-week feeding toxicity study of L-threonine in rats with a recovery period of 5 weeks” Aoki M, Ishida S, et al. |
| L-tryptophan | SD rat (6 wks age) |
J Appl Toxicol (2018), 38(4): 552-563 “Thirteen week toxicity study of dietary L‐tryptophan in rats with a recovery period of 5 weeks” Shibui Y, Matsumoto H, et al. |
| L-tyrosine | SD rat (6 wks age) |
Food Chem Toxicol (2016), 87:55-64 “13-week repeated dose toxicity study of l-tyrosine in rats by daily oral administration” Shibui Y, Manabe Y, et al. |
| L-ornithine | SD rat (6 wks age) |
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol (2013), 67(3):360-71 “Genotoxicity and subchronic oral toxicity of L-ornithine monohydrochloride” Ishida S, Sarada M, et al. |
| L-citrulline | SD rat (6 wks age) |
Fund Toxicol Sci (2017), 4(5):219-227 “A 4-week oral gavage toxicity study of L-citrulline in rats” Morita M, Yamaguchi T, et al. |
| L-hydroxyproline | SD rat (5-6 wks age) |
Fund Toxicol Sci (2019), 6(3):65-74 “Twenty-eight-day oral toxicity study of L-hydroxyproline in rats with 14-day post-treatment observation period” Akiduki S, Kawada Y, et al. |
